Ammonia Solution (AH), also known as ammonia water or ammonium hydroxide solution, is a solution of ammonia gas (NH₃) dissolved in water. It is a common chemical widely used in various industrial and laboratory processes.

Basic Composition and Properties:

• Chemical Formula: NH₃·H₂O or NH₄OH (The main component of ammonia water is ammonia gas reacting with water to form ammonium hydroxide).
• Appearance: Ammonia solution is usually a colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor (ammonia smell).
• Concentration: The concentration of ammonia solution varies depending on the amount of ammonia dissolved, commonly ranging from 5% to 30%. The higher the concentration, the stronger its alkalinity.

Chemical Properties:

• Alkaline Nature: Ammonia solution is a strong alkaline solution, with a typical pH value ranging from 11 to 12. It reacts with acids to form ammonium salts.
• Volatility: Ammonia solution is highly volatile, and when exposed to air, it releases ammonia gas.
• Solubility: Ammonia gas is highly soluble in water, and its solubility increases with temperature.